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[1] Nancy Moore Gettelman, The A. Gettelman Brewing Company: One Hundred and Seven Years of a Family Brewery in Milwaukee (Milwaukee: Procrustes Press, 1995), 1, 3.

[2] Ibid., 1; Jerry Apps, Breweries of Wisconsin (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), 206.

[3] Gettelman, Gettelman, 1-2; Apps, Breweries of Wisconsin, 206.

[4]

[1] “Welcome to A.O. Smith,” A. O. Smith website, accessed January 13, 2016.

[2] Gustave Pabst, Jr., “The Smith Family: For Generations They Have Been Master Mechanics,” Milwaukee Journal, July 27, 1941, p. 7. Charles originally started out building and repairing machinery but decided quickly that he would make more money by specializing in the production

[1] Trudier Harris, Exorcising Blackness: Historical Lynching and Burning Rituals (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1984).

[2] James Cobb, The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1992).

[3] Eric Lincoln and Lawrence H. Mamiya, The Black

[1] Joe William Trotter, Jr., Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915-45, 2nd ed. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2007), 31.

[2] Henry P. Jones, St. Mark’s African Methodist Episcopal Church Milwaukee, Wisconsin: A Brief Historical Outline for a Period of Thirty Eight Years 1869-1907 ([Milwaukee]: German G.

[1] “Festival to Focus on Black Culture,” The Milwaukee Sentinel, June 27, 1983, 6. According to Kathlyn Gay in African-American Holidays, Festivals, and Celebrations, African World Festival particularly highlighted the history of western Africa and the sixteenth century Benin Empire of modern day Nigeria. Kathlyn Gay, African-American Holidays, Festivals, and Celebrations (Detroit,

[1] John Gurda, “Eat, Drink, and Be Prosperous: A Short History of the Food and Beverage Industry in the Milwaukee Region—The Seven Counties of Southeastern Wisconsin,” report commissioned by the Milwaukee 7, December 7, 2010, 2,http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.fabmilwaukee.com/resource/resmgr/docs/john_gurda_f&b_history_2010.pdf, now available at http://

[1] “Fifty Falls: Still Alive,” Milwaukee Journal, September 11, 1906, accessed April 11, 2015, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=jvrRlaHg2sAC&dat=19060911&printsec=frontpage&hl=en.

[2] “Aeroplane Falls upon Fair Crowd,” Milwaukee Journal, September 17, 1910, accessed April 11, 2015, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=jvrRlaHg2sAC&dat=19100917&printsec=frontpage&

[1] CNN Wire Service, “Al Jarreau, Famed Jazz Singer and Milwaukee Native, Dead at 76,” Fox6Now February 12, 2017, last accessed November 13, 2017.

[2] Monee Fields-White, “Al Jarreau, a Unique Musical Stylist, Dead at 76,” The Root February 12, 2017, last accessed November 13, 2017.

[3] Honorary Degree Recipients, Berklee website, last accessed November 13, 2017; Verizon’s National

[1] Dictionary of Wisconsin Biography (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1960), 256-257.

[2] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: History of a City (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 58-59; Dictionary of Wisconsin Biography, 256-257.

[3] Richard N. Current, The History of Wisconsin, vol.

[1] “Allan H. (Bud) Selig,” MLB Executives, MLB Official Info, MLB.com, last accessed August 15, 2017.

[2] “Allan H. (Bud) Selig.”

[3] “Allan H. ‘Bud’ Selig, Ninth Commissioner of Baseball,” MLB.com, last accessed August 15, 2017.

[4] “Allan H. ‘Bud’ Selig, Ninth Commissioner of Baseball.”

[5] David Waldstein, “Bud Selig, an Apostle for

[1] Harry H. Anderson and Frederick I. Olson, Milwaukee: At the Gathering of Waters (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1981), 179.

[2] John Gurda, The Making of Milwaukee (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1999), 240.

[3] Gurda, The Making of Milwaukee, 240.

[4] Meg Jones, World War II Milwaukee (

[1] “Lighted 40 Foot Clock on Tower a Landmark for Lake Skippers,” Milwaukee Journal, June 8, 1963, accessed March 16, 2015, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19630608&id=yR0aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HicEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4164,3924544&hl=en.

[2] “Lighted 40 Foot Clock on Tower a Landmark for Lake Skippers,” Milwaukee Journal, June 8, 1963,

[1] Laws of the Territory of Wisconsin (Madison, W.T.: Simeon Mills, Territorial Printer, 1846), 126.

[2] For example, see: This Map of the City of New York and Island of Manhattan, as Laid out by the Commissioners Appointed by the Legislature, April 3d 1807 (New York: Bridges, William & Maverick, Peter, 1811).

[1] Stephen Meyer, “Stalin over Wisconsin”: The Making and Unmaking of Militant Unionism, 1900-1950 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992), 18, 230.

[2] Walter F. Peterson, An Industrial Heritage: Allis-Chalmers Corporation (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1976), 7; John G. Gregory, History of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, vol. 1 (Chicago and

[1] George Kuh, Jillian Kinzie, John Schuh, Elizabeth Whitt, and Associates, Student Success in College: Creating Conditions That Matter (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2005), 29-30; Alexander Astin, Are You Smart Enough? How Colleges’ Obsession with Smartness Shortchanges Students (Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing, LLC, 2016), 77.

[2] “From an Acorn to Oak Tree,”

[1] Simon Worrall, “The History of Cricket in the United States,” Smithsonian Magazine (October 2006), accessed October 2, 2014.

[2] “Cricket Match,” Milwaukee Sentinel, May 14, 1852, p. 2; “Cricket,” Milwaukee Sentinel, May 19, 1852, p. 2; “Cricket,” Milwaukee Sentinel, May 22, 1852, p. 2.

[3] Dennis Pajot, The Rise of Milwaukee Baseball (Jefferson, NC:

[1] Katherine Hicks, “Black Holocaust Museum Designed to ‘Prick the Conscience,’” The Milwaukee Sentinel, June 13, 1988.

[2] Hicks, “Black Holocaust Museum Designed to “Prick the Conscience.”

[3] Mary Cole McCauley, “Exhibit Gives Kids a Look at Ex-Slave Settlement,” The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, October 16, 1998.

[4] James E. Causey, “Museum Could

[1] Susan Applegate Krouse, “What Came Out of the Takeovers: Women’s Activism and the Indian Community School of Milwaukee.” American Indian Quarterly vol. 27, no. 3/4 (Summer-Autumn 2003): 535; Judson L. Jeffrie, Omari L. Dyson, and Charles E. Jones, “Militancy Transcends Race: A Comparative Analysis of the American Indian Movement, the Black Panther Party, and the

[1] ASQ Fact Sheet, American Society for Quality website accessed June 2, 2016; “About ASQ: The ASQ Timeline,” American Society for Quality website, accessed June 2, 2016.

[2] ASQ Fact Sheet.

[3] ASQ Fact Sheet; “Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA),” American Society for Quality website, accessed June 7, 2016.

[4] Charles H. Wing, “Message from the President,” <

[1] “Anarchism,” Merriam-Webster Dictionary, accessed July 20, 2016; see also Dean A. Strang, Worse than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013), xiv.

[2] Michael A. Gordon, “‘To Make a Clean Sweep’: Milwaukee Confronts an Anarchist Scare in 1917,” Wisconsin Magazine