[1] Steven M. Avella, In the Richness of the Earth: A History of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, 1843-1958. (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2002), 94-101; Steven M. Avella, Confidence and Crisis: A History of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, 1959-1977 (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2014), 55-56.
[1] Carl Baehr, Milwaukee Streets: The Stories behind Their Names (Milwaukee: Cream City Press, 1995), 209.
[2] City of Milwaukee, Milwaukee Code of Ordinances (Milwaukee Common Council, 1896), 850.
[3] Christopher P. Thale, “Milwaukee’s House Numbering Systems,” Milwaukee History: The Magazine of the Milwaukee County Historical Society 4 (1986): 73.
[1] U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Frequently Asked Questions, last accessed August 4, 2017.
[2] Between the 1840s and World War I, shoemakers, ship carpenters and caulkers, cabinet makers, printers, bricklayers, plumbers, department store clerks, laundry workers, tanners, hat makers, streetcar drivers, clothing makers, brewery workers, masons, blacksmiths, freight handlers, dock workers,
[1] Dave Tianen, Summerfest—Cooler by the Lake: 40 Years of Music and Memories (Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 2007), 13.
[2] Tianen, Summerfest, 14-15.
[3] “Here’s Complete Lineup of Summerfest Activities: Daily Events, July 20-28,” The Milwaukee Journal, July 14, 1968, available online at Summerfest Schedule, 1968, Chicago in Urban America
[1] For the comment on the “invisible Scandinavians,” see Frederick Hale, Swedes in Wisconsin, rev. ed. (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 2002), 40; U.S. Bureau of the Census, Birthplace –Sweden, 1840-1910, tabulated at http://www.ipums.org; U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder, Total Ancestry Reported, 2009-2013, American Community
[1] 1930 figures tabulated from the 5% sample of the 1930 census at Steven Ruggles, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Josiah Grover, and Matthew Sobek. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 6.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2015; 21st century figures are from U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder, Total Ancestry Reported from the American Community Survey, 2009-2013 5-year estimates,
[1] Paul Douglas Stamm, A History of St. George Melkite Greek Catholic Church (Milwaukee: St. George Melkite Greek Catholic Church, 1986), 8-10; Enaya Othman “Building a Community among Early Arab Immigrants in Milwaukee, 1890s-1960s,” Wisconsin Magazine of History 96, no 4 (Summer 2013): 38-49. Entries on Syria and Lebanon, CIA World Factbook online, last
[1] Carolyn Sanford, “Fans Toast Season of Baseball, Beer” The Milwaukee Sentinel, April 16, 1981, accessed April 23, 2014, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19810416&id=oYNRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FxIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7095,3471930&hl=en; Nancy J. Strohs, “Plenty Has Changed since ’57 Braves Won It All,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Sept 27, 2011, accessed April 2, 2015.
[1] The Business History website contains an extensive bibliography on telecommunications related subjects, accessed October 28, 2015.
[2] Frank A. Flower, ed., History of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Illustrated (Chicago, IL: Western Historical Co., 1881), 1406; Howard Louis Conard, ed., History of Milwaukee County from Its First Settlement to the Year 1895 (Chicago, IL: American Biographical Publishing
[1] Robert Thompson, “Television in the United States,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed, July 13, 2016; Dick Golembiewski, Milwaukee Television History: The Analog Years (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2008).
[2] Dick Golembiewski, “A Brief History of Milwaukee Television (The Analog Years),” April 29, 2008, accessed through the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, July 26, 2014; Golembiewski, Milwaukee Television History
[1] On the temperance movement, see Joseph R. Gusfield, Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1963), passim, and John J. Rumbarger, Profits, Power, and Prohibition: Alcohol Reform and the Industrializing of America, 1800-1930 (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1989), 3
[1] Robert Simonson, “Lunt and Fontanne’s Most Lasting Production,” The New York Times, July 13, 2003, accessed October 24, 2011. See also “Ten Chimneys,” National Historic Landmark Nomination.
[2] M. Caren Connolly and Louis Wasserman, Wisconsin’s Own: Twenty Remarkable Homes (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2010), 270-276.
[1] Genevieve G. McBride, On Wisconsin Women: Working for Their Rights from Settlement to Suffrage (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994), 141, 290-91. She was born in Prospect Hill, now in New Berlin. The Winton family homestead and store, moved for preservation from the original site at W19485 National Avenue, now are part of a
[1] There is some confusion over Milwaukee’s first hotel. Bayrd Still credits John and Luther Childs with establishing the Cottage Inn as the city’s first hotel but does not provide a date. James S. Buck, William George Bruce, and John G. Gregory agree that Jacques Vieau formed the city’s first hotel in 1835
[1] U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Population and Housing Unit Counts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012), E-19-E-20.
[2] According to Brenda Hemstead, “PLSS Origins in Wisconsin,” Wisconsin State Cartographer’s website, the U.S. Public Land Survey was begun by Federal Government in 1785. The