[1] H. Russell Austin, The Milwaukee Story (Milwaukee: The Journal Company, 1946), 39.
[2] Goodwin Berquist and Paul C. Bowers, Jr., Byron Kilbourn and the Development of Milwaukee (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 2001), 1-16; John G. Gregory, History of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Chicago, IL: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1931), I: 136-38;
[1] North Callahan, Carl Sandburg: His Life and Works (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1987), xiii.
[2] Philip R. Yanella, The Other Carl Sandburg: A Portrait of the Radical Sandburg Before His Glory Days in the Pantheon of Popular Writers (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996), 9-10, 11-13; Penelope Niven,
[1] Various spellings of “Quarlls” are found in different sources; this spelling used here is understood to be the one used by Caroline Quarlls Watkins and descendants. Julia Pferdehirt, Caroline Quarlls and the Underground Railroad (Madison, WI: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2008), 2 and e-mail message to author from Kimberly Simmons, June 24, 2015.
[1] Patricia Smith Wilmeth, “Catherine Cleary,” in Wisconsin Women: A Gifted Heritage, ed. Andrea Bletzinger and Anne Short (Wisconsin: The American Association of University Women, Wisconsin State Division, 1982), 186; Amy Rabideau Silvers, “Cleary Led the Way for Women in Business,”JSOnline, December 6, 2010, accessed December 10, 2013; “Catherine Blanchard Cleary,” JSOnline, December 7-12, 2010,
[1] Jamakaya, Like Our Sisters before Us: Women of Wisconsin Labor (Milwaukee: Wisconsin Labor History Society, 1998), 24-25.
[2] Jamakaya, Like Our Sisters before Us, 25-26.
[3] Jamakaya, Like Our Sisters before Us, 26-27; David Staats, “NOW Co-Founder, Labor Leader Dies,” Milwaukee Sentinel, February 20, 1989, part 1, p. 7;
[1] Southeastern Wisconsin Planning Commission. A Development Plan for the City of Cedarburg, 2010. Waukesha, WI: The Southeastern Wisconsin Planning Commission, 1991, 16; American Factfinder, “Cedarburg Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010,” accessed May 29th, 2012, http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table.
[1] C. B. Whitnall, “Milwaukee City Planning” (1911), 11, Legislative Reference Bureau, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
[2] Charles Whitnall, The First Plans for a Parkway System for Milwaukee County, First Annual Report of the Milwaukee County Regional Planning Department (1924), Milwaukee Public Library.
[1] An oral history interview with Charlotte Partridge conducted by Harlan Phillips exists in the Archives of American Art New Deal and the Arts Oral History Project at the Smithsonian. This collection mentions the birth year as 1882. For more on her biographical information see Personal Papers of Charlotte Russell Partridge, Charlotte Russell Partridge and Miriam
[1] Evaluation of Charter School Impacts (Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Dept. of Education, 2010), last accessed May 29, 2018.
[2] Charter School Laws Across the States: Ranking and Scorecard (Washington, D.C.: Center for Education Reform, 2015), last accessed May 29, 2018.
[1] Joseph A. Rodriguez and Mark Shelley, “Latinos and Asians in Milwaukee,” Perspectives on Milwaukee’s Past, ed. Margo Anderson and Victor Greene (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 178-179.
[2] David B. Holmes and Wenbin Yuan, Chinese Milwaukee (Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2008), 11.
[1] Stephen Gottschalk, “Christian Science and Harmonialism,” in Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience: Studies of Traditions and Movements, ed. Charles H. Lippy and Peter W. Williams (New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1988), 901.
[2] Gottschalk, “Christian Science and Harmonialism,” 901; Kellogg Patton, “History of Christian Science in Wisconsin,” 2, Small Collection 2289, Wisconsin Historical
[1] Steven M. Avella, In the Richness of the Earth (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2002), 216, 219-21; Thomas J. Jablonsky, Marquette University (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2007), 47-49, 258.
[2] Timothy Manatt, “Hispanic Ministry in Milwaukee,” Jesuits: Publication of the Midwest Jesuits (Spring 2017), 9.
[3] Jablonsky, Marquette University 61, 76, 99, 105, 108, 138, 140, 142, 155, 181, 225, 231, 261, 263, and 285-86.
[1] Whitney Gould, “Early Planners Envisioned a ‘City Beautiful,’” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, April 15, 1996, accessed April 17, 2013, http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZfUdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3y0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6466%2C8300777.
[2] Harry H. Anderson, “Recreation, Entertainment, and Open Space: Park Traditions of Milwaukee County,” in Trading Post to Metropolis: Milwaukee County’s
[1] Richard W. E. Perrin, Milwaukee Landmarks Revised and Enlarged (Milwaukee: Milwaukee Public Museum, 1979); “The New City Hall,” Milwaukee Sentinel, October 16, 1895; “City Hall History,” Milwaukee Sentinel, October 16, 1895.
[2] “How the City Hall Bell Was Raised,” MilwaukeeJournal, November 28, 1896; “Special Section,” Milwaukee Journal,
[1] Thomas Heinen, “Astronauts to Highlight City of Festivals Parade,” The Milwaukee Journal, February 27, 1984, accessed February 10, 2014, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19840227&id=HnEaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ACoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2132,4767689.
[2] Maralyn A. Wellauer-Lenius, Images of America: Swiss in Greater Milwaukee (Charleston: Arcadia 2010), 118; Thor Christensen, “Summerfest May Cut
[1] “St. Francis (city), Wisconsin,” United States Census Bureau, accessed October 25, 2014.
[2] Larry Van Goethem, And So They Came: The History of the City of St. Francis on the Occasion of Its 25th Anniversary, 1951-1976 (Franklin Press, Inc., 1976), 4.