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[1] “Eschweiler, Alexander Chadbourne 1865-1940,” Dictionary of Wisconsin History, Wisconsin Historical Society, accessed October 8, 2013, http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=1287&term_type_id=1&term_type_text=people&letter=E.

[2] Richard Davis, 50 Years of Architecture: Being an Accounting of Sorts on the

[1] John Gurda, The Making of “A Good Name in Industry” (Milwaukee: The Falk Corporation, 1991). The title here alludes to the slogan Falk employed in their advertising campaigns.

[2] Gurda, The Making of “A Good Name in Industry,” 19-23. Gurda explains how the Falk brother sold their father’s brewery

[1] Joseph A. Rodriguez, Bootstrap New Urbanism: Design, Race, and Redevelopment in Milwaukee (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2014), 80-85.

[2] Rodriguez, Bootstrap New Urbanism, 80-87.

[3] Thomas Heinen, “Festa Italiana: Music, Food, Fun,” The Milwaukee Journal, July 28, 1978, accessed March 23, 2015, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19780728&

[1] Victor Greene, “Dealing with Diversity: Milwaukee’s Multiethnic Festivals and Urban Identity, 1840-1940,” Journal of Urban History 31, no. 6 (2005): 827.

[2] Greene, “Dealing with Diversity,” 823.

[3] Milwaukee Sentinel, November 8, 1858, p. 1; Milwaukee Sentinel, December 28, 1859, p. 1; Milwaukee Sentinel, December 26, 1859, p. 1.

[4] “The Festivals,” Milwaukee Sentinel,

[1] Roland L. Guyotte and Barbara M. Posadas, “Filipinos and Filipino Americans, 1870-1940,” in Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration, Vol. 1, ed. Elliott Robert Barkan, (Westport, CT: ABC-CLIO, 2013), 347.

[2] Guyotte and Posadas, “Filipinos and Filipino Americans, 1870-1940,” 347-348.

[3] Barbara M. Posadas and Roland L. Guyotte, “Filipinos and Filipino

[1] Wisconsin Historical Society, http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=11089&search_term=finns, accessed November 15, 2011; Mark Knipping, Finns in Wisconsin (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1977), 3, 5-7; 1930 estimate tabulated from IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota, www.ipums.org; U.S. Census Bureau, Factfinder, https://factfinder.

[1] Jeanette Hurt and Meg Jones, “Anello, Milwaukee’s Mr. Music, Dies at 85,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, March 7, 1995. It is also the sixth oldest opera company in the U.S.

[2] Tom Strini, “Milwaukee’s Musical Visionary Anello Dies at 85, “Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, March 7, 1995, 1. Anello replaced previous director, Foca Di Leo.

[1] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: History of a City (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 63-64.

[2] Frederick Merk, Economic History of Wisconsin during the Civil War Decade, Wisconsin Historical Studies, vol. 1 (Madison, WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1916), 131-132; L. R. Hurd, “Milwaukee’s Flouring Industries,” in <

[1] Rick Romell, “Public Market Sets Record for Sales, Visits,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 20, 2016.

[2] “About the Historic Third Ward,” Historic Third Ward, accessed December 10, 2015, http://www.historicthirdward.org/about/aboutthethirdward.php.

[3] John Gurda, “Eat, Drink, and Be Prosperous: A Short History of the Food and Beverage Industry in the

[1] For instance, John G. Gregory claims that the stepmother of Mrs. Angeline Hill was “the first white woman to bake bread” in the frontier settlement in the late 1830s, attracting great interest from their native neighbors. John G. Gregory, History of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, vol. 2 (Chicago and Milwaukee: S.J. Clarke Publishing, 1931), 1244-1246.

[1] Denis J. Gullickson and Carl Hanson, Before They Were the Packers: Green Bay’s Town Team Days (Black Earth, WI: Trails Books, 2004), 18 and 48-50. Note: The Wisconsin Badgers played home games in Milwaukee during the seasons 1891-1892, 1898-1902, and 1904-1905. Wisconsin Football Factbook, updated February 3, 2011, accessed August 30, 2015.

[2] Keith

[1] Expressway planning and construction were turned over to Milwaukee County because of the obvious need for a more coordinated (county-wide) approach. Governor Walter J. Kohler, Jr. signed the Wisconsin Expressway Bill (Wis. Stat. 59.965) into law on November 25, 1953, with expressway planning and construction formally transferred from the City of Milwaukee to Milwaukee County on March 26, 1954.

[1] Doug Schmidt, Franklin (Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2009), 7.

[2] Franklin Historical Society, From Cabins to Condos: The History of Franklin, Wisconsin since 1834 (Franklin, WI: Franklin Historical Society, 2006), 11.

[3] Schmidt, Franklin, 37.

[4] Schmidt, Franklin, 71.

[5] Franklin Historical Society, From Cabins to Condos

[1] Desmond Morton, A Short History of Canada 3rd ed. (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, Inc., 1997), 24-29; Reuben Gold Thwaites, Wisconsin: Americanization of a French Settlement (New York: Houghton and Mifflin Company, 1973), 165; French in Wisconsin, The Wisconsin Historical Society website, http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=11055&

[1] Nancy Bagget, The All-American Dessert Book (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005), 284-287.

[2] Harva Hachten and Terese Allen, The Flavor of Wisconsin: An Informal History of Food and Eating in the Badger State, 2nd ed. (Madison, WI:  State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 2009), 151.

[3] Gilles Frozen Custard, last accessed

[1] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: The History of a City (Madison: WI: The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 3-4; Frederick I. Olson, “City Expansion and Suburban Spread: Settlements and Governments in Milwaukee County,” in Trading Post to Metropolis: Milwaukee County’s First 150 Years, ed. Ralph M. Aderman (Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society, 1987), 2.

[1] Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: The History of a City (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1948), 284, 315, 319, 520-24.

[1] Charles D. Goff, “The Swill Children of Milwaukee,” Historical Messenger of the Milwaukee County Historical Society (March 1960): 9-11.

[2] Goff, “The Swill Children of Milwaukee,” 13.

[3] Milwaukee Sentinel, January 22, 1869, p. 1.

[4] Milwaukee Sentinel, July 3, 1878, p. 8.

[5] Milwaukee Health Department, Annual Report, 1877, p. 24.

[1] Molly Snyder, “Up Close and Personal with the Wisconsin Gas Light Building ‘Flame,’” OnMilwaukee, last modified September 5, 2011, accessed October 7, 2013.

[2] Snyder, “Up Close and Personal.”

[3] Joseph J. Korom, Milwaukee Architecture: A Guide to Notable Buildings (Madison, WI: Prairie Oak Press, 1995), 15.

[4] Doors Open Milwaukee, “Gas Light